To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.We were very surprised by this result, says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies4.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
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