6.Pretending To Know Stuff 6.装作万事通
Most of us have probably been in the situation where someone casually asks, Hey, have you heard of such and such? And almost unthinkingly, we respond, Yeah, even though if we took time to genuinely think about it, wed realize we dont actually know what theyre talking about. Similarly, some folks habitually feign knowledge when theyre well aware they know nothing about the topic at hand. Whether we purposefully pretend to know stuff or if we just sort of do it accidentally, scientists say theres an explanation for this behavior. 生活中我们总有被别人提问你知道某某吗的情况,通常我们都会不假思索地给予肯定的回答。然而,当我们静下心来仔细思考时,就会发现其实有些问题我们并不懂。同样地,有些人明知道自己不了解某方面的知识,却装作很懂的样子。科学家表示,无论是有意还是无意的,装作万事通这样的行为都是有科学解释的。 Cornell professor David Dunning has researched this psychological quirk and explains that most people fake it out of convenience or to reaffirm their identity. He says that many of us dont have a very clear understanding of what we do or dont know and might unconsciously fake knowledge. This is because in the instant when someone asks us if we know about something, our brains start to infer, assume, and invent explanations for things. In that moment, we may say that we know something (even if we dont) partly because we dont want to bog the conversation down with questions and partly because our brains think we should know something about the topic. In short, the feeling of knowing is more of a sensation than it is actually sifting through our brains stores of information and coming up with a conclusion.Another, perhaps more obvious, reason people pretend to know stuff is because they like feeling like a know-it-all. But why? Neurologist Robert A. Burton explains that our society glorifies knowledge, and to have an awareness of something is a notch on the social belt—especially if you came from know-it-all parents. Being a know-it-all can become kind of an addiction. In fact, the same area of the brain lights up and the same reward pathways shoot dopamine whether were rewarded with a right answer or if were taking drugs or gambling. Thus, pretending to be the person who knows everything can be a hard habit to break. 康奈尔大学的心理学教授大卫·邓宁研究了这种心理怪癖并给出如下解释:大部分人不懂装懂是为了方便起见或者是为了掩饰自己的无知。他表示大多数人都不清楚自己所掌握的知识的范围,这样就可能无意中编造一些知识。这是因为在别人提出问题的时候,我们的大脑就会开始做推断、假设、思考以及如何解释之类的事情。这时候我们就可能会说自己对此有些许了解(即使实际上我们并不了解),这是因为我们希望对话继续下去,也有部分原因是我们自以为自己对这个话题是有所了解的。总的说来,与其说对某事是真的了解,倒不如说这只是一种自以为了解的错觉。还有一个更常见的原因是很多人都喜欢自己被当做万事通的感觉。这又是为什么呢?神经学家罗伯特·伯顿指出,社会需要知识型人才,如果有人在某方面有所研究,尤其这个人还是个万事通的话,那么他在社会上绝对是会被推崇备至的。其实回答别人的问题后得到赞扬的效果与吸毒、赌博一样,都会促进大脑分泌多巴胺,使我们感到愉悦。所以装成无所不知的人是会令人上瘾的。因此,想要改掉装作万事通的习惯还有很长的路要走。
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