在健康的压力反应中,随着应激激素进入血液,心脏跳动加快,大脑处于高度戒备状态,消化系统和免疫系统暂时关闭,好让更多的资源用于应对手头的挑战。当这些指标长期保持高位,压力就变得有害了,会导致血压升高、损害心血管系统、危害免疫系统并引起疼痛、消化不良和失眠。
It is difficult to reverse an extreme stress response once it is under way, researchers say. More often, people who succeed in turning stress to their advantage make changes in advance, in their mind set or beliefs about stress, or in the way they work or organize their lives.
研究人员说,极端的压力反应一旦出现就很难扭转。更多的时候,成功实现压力对己有利转变的人都是事先在对待压力的心态和理念上做出了改变,或者在他们的工作或安排生活的方式上做出了改变。
When severe stress caused Gary Schmidt to fail repeatedly in job interviews after graduating from college years ago, he tapped a peer support group for help. He learned, through coaching from other members of Toastmasters International, a nonprofit communication and leadership-training group, to frame challenges as an opportunity to perform well, rather than a threat, he says.
多年前,巨大的压力让加里施密特(Gary Schmidt)在大学毕业后屡次在工作面试中失败,于是他选择了向一家同伴支持团体寻求帮助。他说,通过国际演讲协会(Toastmasters International)中其他成员的指导训练,他学会了将挑战构想成做出更好表现的机会,而不是威胁。国际演讲协会是一个非盈利性的沟通和领导能力培训组织。
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