--Student

2. 按时间展开

讲故事或追述往事时最简单、也最清楚的表达方式就是按事件发生的时间顺序来叙述。先发生的事情先讲，后发生的事情后讲。请看例文：

James Murray was born in Scotland in 1873, the son of a village tailor. He went to a parish school, but he left at 14 and he educated himself with pertinacity. He loved knowledge and he loved to impart it. He became a school master; he learned language after language and was alive to geology, archeology and phonetics, as well as to local politics. He had to leave Scotland because of the illness of his first wife, and he became a bank clerk in London. By sheer energy of scholarship, and without benefit of any university education, he made himself indispensable to the other remarkable philologists of his day. He returned to school-teaching and lived a 72-hour day for the rest of his life. For he invitation to edit what became the O. E. D. was one that he could not refuse. At first he combined it with his school work; later he moved to Oxford and dedicated himself to building the best sort of monument-best in that it was not a monument to something dead but rather to something living: the English language.

-- Christopher Ricks

3. 按过程展开

为了讲清楚如何做一件事情，我们通常按其步骤的先后顺序逐项说明。在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词你来表达。如果文章中的说明至今有效，须在行文中使用现在时。请看下面的例子：

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