主要可通过两种方法,以原因和结果展开段落。第一种是先写出结果,再占用主要篇幅一一写出原因。例如,中心句子是:在过去几年里,高等教育对于年轻人来说不再象从前那样受到重视了。这里说的是一种后果,接下来应该逐条讨论产生这种后果的原因,如竞争过于激烈,就业相对容易,高等院校所授课程偏于陈旧等等。
第二种方法是先叙述原因,再写出或预测其后果。例如,某一段落的中心句是:占良田盖楼房的现象在中国越来越严重。在下面的篇幅里应该写出这一现象引出的种种后果,如农业减产,环境污染加剧,农民大量涌入城市等等。请看下例:
One might wonder why, after the Norman Conquest, French did not become the national language, replacing English entirely. The reason is that the Conquest was not a national migration, as the earlier Anglo-Saxon invasion has been. Great numbers of Normans came into England, but they came as rulers and landlords. French became the language of the court, the language of the nobility, the language of the public society, the language of literature. But it did not replace English as the language of the people. There must always have been hundreds if towns and villages in which French was never heard except when visitors of high station passed through.
--Paul Roberts
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