以TPO (托福在线考试练习)的一道例题为例。
The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what stability means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. (TPO3The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems的第四段)
6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?
A. They are more resilient than pioneer communities.
B. They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.
C. They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.
D. They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.
解析:这道题是一道细节题,考生可利用题干中的关键词climax communities将答案范围定位到原文第四段。定位时,考生可能会根据该段第四句话In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time而认为选项C是正确答案。事实上,考生如果细心的话,会发现climax community在该段共出现了不止一次,第二次出现在该段最后一句话中,且形式也是复数,与题干表述一致,而最后一句话的意思恰恰与第四句话的意思相反。所以,根据精确定位的原则,考生应该依据该段的最后一句话选出本题的答案,即选项B。
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