The third type of rock is igneous. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and hardens. Magma is the molten rock deep within the earth. The same material inside a volcano. Sometimes this magma, though, cools inside the earth. At other times it will erupt onto the surface from a volcano. When magma leaves the volcano it is called lava.
第三类岩石是火成岩。岩浆冷却变硬形成火成岩。岩浆是地球内部深处的熔岩。与火山内的物质相同。有时,这种岩浆在地球内部就冷却了。而在其他时候,它会爆发到从火山表面。当岩浆离开火山它被称为岩浆。
When this lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock will look shiny and glasslike. Sometime there are gas bubbles trapped inside the rock during the cooling process of the magma. If this occurred there will be tiny holes and spaces left in the rock.
当熔岩快速冷却,无结晶形成,岩石便看起来有光泽,呈玻璃状。有时岩浆在冷却过程中残留了气泡。如果发生这种情况,岩石上会有微小的孔和缝隙。
Examples of igneous rock types include basalt, obsidian, pumice, and granite.
火成岩类型的例子包括玄武岩,黑曜岩,浮石,和花岗岩。
In summary, even though many rocks may look alike, there are three types of rocks with different characteristics. The three types of rocks are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Sedimentary are form from sediments that may include particles of sand, pebbles, or other stones. Fossils may also be found in sedimentary rock. Metamorphic rock takes millions of years to form and is formed by intense heat and pressure. They often are ribbon-like and contain shiny crystals. The last type is igneous rock, which forms when magma cools and hardens deep inside the earth. Magma is the same material inside of a volcano. All three rock types can be found in many places. Some examples of each include limestone, marble, and granite. Rocks are definitely not all the same.
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2020-09-15
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