It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor… It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.(这是美国人共同说出的答案,无论老还是少,富还是穷,长久以来,很多人一再被告知,要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讥讽、担忧和怀疑之能事,但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史之弧,并再次使它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。)
这句话里young and old、rich and poor指代老少、穷富之人,cynical、 fearful, doubtful 是形容一些人的态度,讥讽,担忧和怀疑。看起来简单,但如让同学们自己表达的话,可能就不这么精确了。这在英语写作中叫平行结构,和中文的对偶对仗有点类似。如果前面一句你用youngsters and old people、rich people and who are poor,虽然意思没变,但语言不工整也不精炼。
平行结构在英语写作中应用广泛,大家要学会找到哪些地方需要平行结构并且怎样保持其语法结构的一致。做个练习:Bitterly、angrily、and with tears in her eyes、 Jane finally retired. Bitterly, angrily 和with tears in her eyes都是形容Jane退休时的心情,那么我们是否可以试着把它们三个变成同样的语法结构?Bitterly、angrily and tearfully、Jane finally retired. 这样一来,语言工整顺畅得多了。
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