If infection does occur, the virus may cause microscopic changes at the cellular level. A Pap test or Pap smear can detect those changes. However, the test, which examines a sample of cells from the cervix, may not be available to many women in developing countries.
“Eventually, then, a cancer begins to grow and that cancer will metastasize. And when the cancer’s growing you begin to have symptoms like bleeding. And eventually, when it metastasizes, you have pain because you begin to affect other organs. By the time you have common symptoms it is usually already spread and is hard to deal with in a surgical fashion,” he said.
The alliance has chosen eight developing countries to begin administering the HPV vaccine: Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Sierra Leone and Tanzania in sub-Saharan Africa and Laos in Asia.
“In this first round of support 180,000 girls will be vaccinated. First countries will be Kenya, Ghana and Sierra Leone. Not sure which one will start first, depending upon preparations. Tanzania’s going to be next year in 2014,” he said.
The vaccine will be administered as part of school programs. But Berkley said that efforts must be made to reach those girls not attending school.
“By 2015 we plan to support more than 20 countries to vaccinate approximately one million girls with HPV vaccines through these pilots. And then by 2020 we’re talking about 30 million girls in over 40 countries with GAVI’s support,” he said.
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