Most of the manual workers employed by manufacturers in coastal regions are migrants from the country's impoverished rural provinces. In the past two decades or so, they have contributed greatly to our nation's economic development by working diligently, for whatever their employers would like to pay.
Their pay has been capped at too low a level for too long a time. An investigation in 2004 found that the average monthly wage for migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region had risen only 68 yuan in 12 years.
In the past few years, that level has risen at a comparatively faster rate. The national average monthly wage for rural migrant workers rose from the 539 yuan in 2004 to 946 yuan in 2006.
The rises in pay and laborers' wage expectations can be attributed to a number of reasons. Two of them merit our notice. One is that rural residents' incomes have increased significantly in the past few years thanks to the strong economic growth and favorable government policies (the annulment of the agricultural tax, for instance). A survey by the statistics authorities late last year indicated that rural residents' per capita cash income had hit 3,321 yuan in the first three quarters of last year, up 14.8 percent year-on-year.
The low wages at manufacturing plants are no longer enough to attract rural migrant workers.
The second reason is that rural migrant workers themselves have changed. The new generation is more knowledgeable and modern-minded than their parents and less tolerant of harsh working conditions and low pay. They are more ready to change jobs. And their consumption habits inspire them to seek higher pay.
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