4. Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
【分析】复合句。主句为 Those... reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,过去分词短语forced to...作后置定语修饰 those。than 引导比较状语从句,该从句中的主语 those 由定语从句修饰,因其较长,谓语又因与主句重复而省略为 did,所以用倒装语序。suggesting... 为现在分词结构作结果状语,其中包含 that 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】那些用牙齿咬着笔,表现出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼着笔、表现出沮丧神情的人在看搞笑的动画片时所作出的反应更丰富。这就证明了表情能够影响情绪,而不是情绪影响表情。
【拓展】1) contract 作名词时意为“契约,合同;婚约”;作动词时意为“缔结,订契约;染上(恶习,疾病等);(使)收缩,(使)紧缩”。2) frown“皱眉,蹙眉”,既是动词也是名词。
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