The study estimated that the costs of private tutoring in South Korea were equivalent (相等的) to 80 percent of government spending on public education. Japan spent $12 billion on extra teaching in 2011, while the figure for Singapore stood at US$ 680 million in 2009.

　　Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers. Many Asian parents view it as a constructive way for adolescents to spend their spare time. However, it can also reduce the students' time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring, the study said.

　　The study calls for a review of educational systems to make such extra teaching less attractive.

　　56. Why is “Shadow education" an expanding business?

　　A. Because parents want to spend their money.

　　B. Because children don't want to go to school.

　　C. Because parents want their children to stay with teachers.

　　D. Because parents want to give their children the best start in life.

　　57. According to the article, what is the purpose of extra academic work?

　　A. To aid slow learners and support high achievers.

　　B. To prepare children for all kinds of academic contests.

　　C. To increase children's hobbies and interests in many fields.

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