However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market.
The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy_interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities.
Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number
of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating longterm resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are researchled and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
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