Still, in rigorous studies in which elderly people were assigned either to exercise or maintain their normal routine, the exercisers were less likely to fall, perhaps because they got stronger or developed better balance.Exercise may prevent broken bones—but only indirectly.
And what about weight loss? Lifting weights builds muscles but will not make you burn more calories.Jack Wilmore, an exercise physiologist at Texas A & M University, calculated that the average amount of muscle that men gained after a serious 12-week weight-lifting program was 2 kilograms, or 4.4 pounds.That added muscle would increase the metabolic rate (代谢率) by only 24 calories a day.
Exercise alone, in the absence of weight loss, has not been shown to reduce blood pressure.Nor does it make much difference in cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.Weight loss can lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but if you want to lose weight, you have to diet as well as exercise.Exercise alone has not been shown to bring sustained weight loss.Just ask Steven Blair, an exercise researcher at the University of South Carolina.He runs every day and even runs marathons.But, he adds, “I was short, fat and bald when I started running, and I’m still short, fat and bald.Weight control is difficult for me.I fight the losing battle.”
The difficulty, Dr.Blair says, is that it’s much easier to eat 1,000 calories than to burn off 1,000 calories with exercise.As he relates, “An old football coach used to say, ‘I have all my assistants running five miles a day, but they eat 10 miles a day.’”
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