He says there are two reasons for this. First, scientists had not expected such a large earthquake. The 9.0 magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

　　Second, Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.

　　" In Sendai(仙台), they were about three meters. At least in that area they were not expecting such a sizeable wave because they would have built a higher seawall."

　　A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.

　　Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.

　　13. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

　　A. A powerful earthquake hit Japan.

　　B. Japan has the best earthquake early warning system.

　　C. Japan can report an earthquake before it happens.

　　D. Better equipment should have been used.

　　14. According to the writer, why hadn’t people got to higher ground?

　　A. Because tsunami doesn’t leave much time for them.

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