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The number of sweltering nights when the temperature in cities stays above 20will increase because of climate change, a study has found. Opening the windows will make no difference because the outside temperature will be too high for the heat in the houses to escape. The urban heat island effect, in which buildings and roads absorb heat during the day and release it at night, could result in the temperature on the hottest nights remaining above 25℃. During the 2003 heatwave, which killed 2,000 people in Britain, the hottest nights were around 20℃. Daytime temperatures reached 30℃for 10 days, but it was the hot, airless nights that proved deadly because people were unable to cool down and recover from the stress of the daytime heat before the sun rose again. The warning system was set up after the 2003 heatwave to protect those at risk, including the elderly, young children and those suffering poor health. The study also examined how the heat formed and stayed in cities. Using computer models, the researchers found that the number of very hot nights in London would increase from two to ten a year. Cities can be up to 10℃warmer at night than surrounding rural areas, partly because they absorb more heat from the sun but also because they produce more heat with cars, lighting, machines and air conditioning units. The advice for dealing with heatwaves includes closing curtains, avoiding going outside between 11:00 am and 3:00 pm and showering several times a day with cold water.
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