In September 1805, when Lewis and Clark came off the Rockies on their westward journey, the entire exploring party was hungry and ill—too weak to defend themselves. Had the Nez Perce chosen to attack them, they could have put an end to the Lewis and Clark expedition there on the banks of Clearwater River. Instead the Nez Perce welcomed the white Americans and looked after them until they made a full recovery.
Thus began a long friendship between the Nez Perce and white Americans. But white men's greed for land and gold finally broke the friendship.
In 1855 Governor Isaac Stevens of Washington Territory invited the Nez Perce to a peace conference. He said there were a great many white people in the country, and many more would come. But the chief of the tribe at that time, Old Joseph, replied, “Take away your paper. I will not touch it with my hand.”
Things were quiet for a while after that, but not for long. When Old Joseph died, the chiefship was passed onto Young Joseph. In the late 1870s, government officials came to order the Nez Perce to leave the Wallowa Valley and then began hard battles between the Nez Perce and the white soldiers. After the tribe had fought thirteen battles and moved 1,600 miles towards Canada in an attempt to retreat (撤退) north, Young Joseph, gave in to the United States Army. Here was his famous statement, “Hear me my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”
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