Shakespeare never won a prize，nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.It would be possible to say，however，that in the past，scientists and artists could win“patronage”from rich people—a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money.With the change in social systems across the world，this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.However，there is more to it than that.When a film wins an Oscar，many more people will go and see it，or buy the DVD.When a writer wins the Nobel Prize，many more people buy their books.When a group wins the MTV awards，the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world.The group sells lots more records.

　　Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies.This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors.The MTV awards，for example，are great for publicizing not only music，but also MTV itself！On the surface，it seems to be a“win­win”situation，with everyone being happy，but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here，and how much sincere recognition of achievement is taking place?

　　1．Which of the following awards often confuses the public by giving a prize to people who do unusual things?

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