That’s the model—variation，survivability and selection.

　　Harford then illustrates how this basic process can work across a variety of contexts，from business to war to poetry.He’s an able guide to the world of human unreliability.For example，he mentions James Reason，who identifies three kinds of error.

　　First there are slips.In 2005 a young Japanese trader meant to sell one share of stock at 600,000 yen but accidentally sold 600,000 shares at 1 yen.Then there are violations，when someone intentionally breaks the rules.This is what Bernie Madoff did.Then there are mistakes—things you do on purpose that have unintended consequences.

　　Harford is an economic journalist，but he offers a very useful guide for people preparing to live in the world as it really is.

　　1．Why did the author write this text?

　　A．Blogs have given too much attention to a new book.

　　B．It is his job to advertise the book.

　　C．Nobody yet knows the contents of this book.

　　D．He wants more people to know the contents of Tim Harford’s new book.

　　2．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the automobile industry?

　　A．Many car companies used to exist.

　　B．The top 100 companies have fallen far behind.

　　C．The world is full of complications and hardship.

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