7．D　 细节理解题。从第二段可以判断出动物的社会能力非常有用，是为了合作，为了共享资源，而不是没用。

　　8．B　 细节理解题。从倒数第三段看出，植物的亲属判断力是为了竞争。

　　9．B　 推理判断题。倒数第五段提到sea rocket和其他种类的植物长在一起时根系发达，具有侵略性，这是为了和其他植物竞争，夺取更多的资源。

　　10．B　 细节理解题。最后一段说明科学家猜测植物之间的交流可能是用根进行的，用微小的化学成分去验明是否是亲属。

　　In the early days of the United States，children were not required by law to attend school.School calendars depended on local needs.

　　Students in rural areas went to school for no more than six months of the year—half in the summer，half in the winter.They worked on family farms during the other months.

　　City schools were often open much longer，some for eleven months of the year.Parents were happy to have a place for their children to go while they worked.

　　National leaders took a fresh look at schools after the Civil War in the 1860s.They saw a free public education as a way to help support a strong democracy(民主政治) and prepare workers for new industries.Immigration was increasing and so was the student population.

　　More and more people saw the need for a system of required education.But they had different ideas for the calendar.

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