1.利用上下文线索猜测词义
(1)重述
作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚,通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释,这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有:or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等等。
[典例] (2015·天津高考阅读C节选) In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.
分析:由同位语the first and only animal companion可以猜出beagle为“一种动物”。
(2)定义
作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义,尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中,定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时,作者通常使用信号词,如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等等。
[典例] (2015·北京高考阅读C节选) Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
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