However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research.

　　He points out that species behave differently – and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins.

　　Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed（使无效） because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining（控制） the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters.

　　Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.

　　According to the passage, what overall message is presented?

　　A. No firm conclusions are drawn.

　　B. Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.

　　C. Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.

　　D. Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.

　　Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?

　　A. Penguins are harder to research when they have young.

　　B. Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.

　　C. Not all penguins behave in the same way.

　　D. Penguins need better protection from tourists.

　　What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?

　　A. They are groundless.

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