Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least.
And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The group with the most punishment earned 25% less than the group with the least punishment.
The other study involved children. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than 800 children were ages two to four the first time they were tested.
More than 700 children were ages five to nine.
The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.
The study says the IQs - or intelligence quotients - of the younger children who were not spanked(掴)were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.
Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.
67. Which of the following is True about the game mentioned in the first paragraph?
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