This tree was a crucial part of the desert's fragile ecosystem, serving to enhance soil fertility and moisture and help hold the Nasca's narrow, vulnerable irrigation channels in place.

　　Eventually, the people cut down so many trees that they reached a tipping point at which the arid ecosystem was damaged, the researchers found.At this point a major El Nino event likely occurred.Without the huarango cover, when El Nino did strike, the river down璫ut into its floodplain, Nasca irrigation systems were damaged and the area became unworkable for agriculture.

　　Notese：狭长的条或片　②alien ．外星人　③deforestation ．滥伐　④arid 干旱的e underlined word “demise”in the first paragraph can be best replaced by________．________．emselves against aliens

　　B．direct their daily activities

　　C．make a record of their life

　　D．make pathways for them to follow during their ancient rituals

　　3．The huarango tree was important to the Nasca because________．ly plant growing in the desert area

　　B．in provided building materials to the Nasca

　　C．it acted as a protection to the arid ecosystem

　　D．it grew side by side with crops of the Nasca

　　4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A．The Nasca irrigation system was too vulnerable.

　　B．The El Nino effect was more serious without the huarango cover.

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