The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne，Illinois，where the experiment took place.A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company.__2__ The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone.They were surprised to find that productivity increase on both occasions and in both groups.They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management.It had increased their motivation（积极性）and so they had worked harder.In other words，if you take an interest in others，they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.

　　__3__ After Martin Luther King，Jr.was killed in the 1960s，a teacher，Jane Elliott，living in an all­white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America.

　　She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and the other with brown eyes.Other eye colours such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise.Then she told the class that brown­eyed people were cleverer than blue­eyed ones because of an agent（化学作用）for brown colour found in their blood.Blue­eyed people were stupid，lazy and not to be trusted.Jane Elliott did not need to say any more.The brown­eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class.The blue­eyed students became quiet and withdrawn.Then she discovered something very interesting.Four poor brown­eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before.__4__ So if you want to be successful and happy，take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates.Congratulate them on their successes and sympathize（同情）with them in their troubles.__5__

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