One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

　　57. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________ .

　　A. it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

　　B. bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

　　C. chemical substances carry certain memories

　　D. memory is stored in the brain as a substance

　　58. The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as ___________ .

　　A. recall

　　B. recognition

　　C. memorization

　　D. relearning

　　59. What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?

　　A. The length of the list.

　　B. The type of list items.

　　C. The time difference of brain working.

　　D. The time difference of relearning.

　　60. A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to

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