高考8——科普知识

　　（时间：分钟）

　　维A1 阅读理解(每题2分，满分分)

　　高考曾用材料：2012大纲全国卷ⅡB篇

　　选材相似度：★★★

　　设题相似度：★★★

　　难度系数：★★★★★

　　Scientists

　　at

　　Royal Holloway，University

　　of London and

　　Queen Mary，University

　　of London

　　have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the “traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.

　　The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visit all locations on his route.Computers solve it by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy for days.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size of grass seed.

　　Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”

　　The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.

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