2016届高中英语必备单词知识点（素材）高中英语介词by的用法归纳总结_高考复习指南

　　Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.(2000上海)身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。

　　四、by+数量词。

　　1、表升降、增减的程度。如：by one-fifth/20 percent/￡3/two feet等。

　　With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.(NMET2000)产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。

　　The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year.(NMET2002阅读)对绿色食品的需求每年在增长大约三分之一。

　　2、表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。如：by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth等。

　　Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.(2002上海）幸运地是，那颗子弹差一英寸就击中了上尉。

　　The bed is three meters wide by two meters long,and can fit at least four at one time.(NMET2001阅读)那张床三米宽，两米长，一次至少可以睡四个人。

　　五、by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用。如：by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns;by the collar/lape/sleeve等。

　　The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。

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