× He has come to Beijing since last year.
√ He has lived in Beijing since last year.
× He has joined the army for 3 years.
√ He has served in the army for 3 years.
√ He joined the army 3 years ago.
√ He has been a soldier for 3 years.
√ It is 3 years since he joined the army.
√ He has joined the army. 他已参军了。
常见的瞬间动词有:come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin /start, return / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。
5.语境中的过去时,往往表示“刚才,刚刚”之意,暗示现在已“不再这样”。如:
① — Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.
— Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.
② Your phone number again ? I didn’t quite catch it.
③ — Nancy is not coming tonight.
— But she promised !
6.表示愿望、打算一类的词,如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等,其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如:
I had hoped to see more of ShangHai.
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