Following road transport, aviation is the second largest transport contributor to global warming. However, the historical contribution from aviation emissions to global warming is more than doubled the contribution from road emissions．In fact, over the next 100 years, today ' s road emissions will have a climate effect that is four times higher than the climate effect from today ' s aviation emissions．

　　For shipping, the picture is more complicated．Until now, shipping has had a cooling effect on climate．This is because shipping produces a large amount of SO2, which has a cooling effect．However, although the gas, until now, has given the shipping industry a cooling effect, this effect will disappear after a while, as the gas doesn't last long in the atmosphere．The long-lived CO2, will dominate （占优势）, giving shipping a warming effect in the long run．

　　In general, the transport sector' s contribution to global warming will be continuously high in the future．

　　45．What can we learn about road traffic?

　　A．It has the second largest warming effect on climate．

　　B．It produces 15% of all CO2 into the air every year．

　　C．It created more CO2 emissions than aviation in history．

　　D．Its CO2 emissions will probably increase in future．

　　46．Shipping has a cooling effect because ______．

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