(1)同义替换。即用同义或近义的词语或句型改写。如:“intellectual ability”和“academic ability”就可以用grades(成绩)来替换。
(2)语态互换。即主动语态与被动语态的转换。如“He later agrees to take the suggestion to...”就可以用它的被动语态来表示:“He was later persuaded to...”。
(3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。如“There was a king who ruled a rich country.”可以用“There was a king ruling a rich country.”来表达。
(4)合并句子。就是将几个意义联系紧密的句子合并为一句话。如以下两个句子We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates.②Besides,it is rather unreal to grade students just according to their intellectual ability.就可合并为Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students' development,but also is unfair for them judging only by their grades.
4.削“枝”去“叶”,实行精“兵”裁“员”。
由于词数有限制,所以在写summary时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行精“兵”裁“员”,减少字数。惯常采用的方法有:
(1)主谓缩写。如:they will→they'll;we are→we're;should not→shouldn't;can not→can't等。
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