Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 昨天你是在哪儿碰到汤姆的? What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party! 我们在聚会上玩得多么高兴啊! 典例 (·四川,15)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A.whereB.that C.which
D.what 解析:B。本题考查强调句型。句意:他是在那艘船沉下去一个月后,被人从那座孤岛上救下来的吗?it is...that...为常用的强调句型,被强调的部分置于it is 之后。 四、强调句的反意疑问句 强调结构的反意疑问句,附加问句中的主语用it而不用主句中主语。 It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasn't it? 是昨天晚上11点我知道这个好消息的,不是吗? It is where you come from that you should return, isn't it? 你是从哪里来的就应回哪里去,不是吗? 五、如何判定含有定语从句的强调结构 仔细分析that或who在句中的作用:若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析),则为强调结构,否则就是定语从句。 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith that they finished the experiment. 正是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里他们完成了这项实验。(lab后的that不可省略,因为它作该从句的主语引导定语从句;句中第二个that才是强调结构的标志。) It was Li Hong who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest. 是来自湖南的李红获得了竞赛的头奖。(who引导定语从句,作从句的主语;that才是强调结构的标志。) 六、强调结构和主语从句的区别 1.含有主语从句的句子,译成汉语时不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼,而强调结构可以。 2.含有主语从句的句子若删掉It be...that/who...,则原句在结构上和意义上均不成立,而强调结构若去掉结构标志仍然成立。 It is true that he once went to Canada. 他曾经去过加拿大是真的。(不能去掉It is及that,否则原句不成立,故本句是含有主语从句的复合句。) It was on December 11, 2001 that China became a member of the WTO. 就是在2001年12月11日,中国加入了世贸组织。(若去掉It was和that,原句仍然成立,故本句是强调结构。) 插入语 英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子,用来补充某些含义或在语气上有所加强,语法上称它们为“插入语”。插入语在句中起到解释、说明等作用,有时表达说话人的一种看法。多数插入语对句子本身影响并不大,若去掉它,句子意思依然清晰明了。然而有些插入语是句子不可缺少的成分,若去掉,句子意思就不完整,如for example, in other words等。因此正确理解和分析插入语对于我们做单项选择题和正确理解短文的意思意义重大。 插入语的类型 1.单词(多为副词) 单词作插入语时位置比较活,多见于句末,但也可位于句中或句首。常见作插入语的单词有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily, fortunately, obviously等。有些副词是表示上下文的逻辑关系,起连接作用(虽然本身不是连词),这一类副词常用逗号将它与句子隔开。有些副词是表达说话人的看法或观点,多置于句首。 She had seen the picture. However, she never told it to anyone. 她见过那幅照片,不过,她没告诉任何人。 Luckily, his father's second wife was kind to him. 幸运的是,他父亲的第二任妻子对他很好。 2.短语 现在分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语都可以作插入语,它们在句中起补充说明的作用。常见插入语的短语有:for example, by the way, in some way, judging from, to tell you the truth, so far, on the contrary, no wonder, chances(are that), worse still, to start with等。 By the way, how can I find you? 顺便问一句,我怎么才能找到你? What on earth do you want to say? 你到底想说什么? To tell you the truth, I have found out that he stole the car. 说实话,我已经弄清楚是他偷了那辆车。 3.句子 常见作插入语的句子有:do you think, I believe, do you know, what's more, let's say, that is to say,它们多位于句末,用以表示客气或征询别人的看法。也可以表示补充。表示疑问的插入语也可位于句中或句首。 He is an honest man, I believe. 我认为,他是个诚实的人。 As far as I know, Jack isn't clever. 据我所知,杰克并不聪明。 How soon will he be ready, do you expect? 你想一下,他多久能准备好? 4.准插入语 有些复杂的特殊疑问句,也可认为含有“插入语”。这种疑问句(也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”),常用来征询对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识、猜度或请求。口语中出现的频率极高。 When do you expect he will come back? 你预计他什么时候可以回来? Who do you guess has taken away the book? 你认为是谁拿走了这本书? 省略 为避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1.在对话中 —How is your mother today? 你母亲今天怎么样? —(She is) Much better. 好多了。 2.在祈使句中 Open the window, please!=You open the window, please! 请打开窗户! 3.在感叹句中 What a boy!=What a good boy he is! 多好的一个男孩呀! How they are working!=How hard they are working! 他们工作多卖力呀! 4.表示讲话人的意见和看法 Sounds fine to me.=It sounds fine to me. 对我来说很好。 Pity you couldn't come.=It's a pity you couldn't come. 真遗憾你不能来。 5.提问 Anything wrong?=Is there anything wrong? 有什么问题吗? Found the treasure?=Have you found the treasure? 找到宝藏了吗? 6.名词所有格修饰的名词表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物。 At her mother's (house) she passed many happy days. 在母亲家,她度过了许多幸福岁月。 I met him at the doctor's. 我在诊所见到了他。 7.前面出现过的动词,下文再次出现时只须使用不定式符号to即可(动词不定式的省略,一般只省去动词,而保留符号to)。 —Will you go with me? 和我一块儿走好吗? —Well, I'd like to. 行啊,非常乐意。 (=Well, I'd like to go with you.) —Have you ever been to the seaside? 你去过海边吗? —No, we can't afford to. 没有,我们没钱。 (=No, we can't afford to go to the seaside.) 二、并列句中的省略 1.如果后面分句中有与前面相同的部分,则常被省略。 Bob has done his homework but Tom hasn't (done his homework). 鲍勃已经做完了作业,但是汤姆还没做完。 She was poor but(she was) honest. 她虽穷但却诚实。 The captain can find a boat quicker than we can (find a boat). 姜是老的辣。 2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句,只有看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。 Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London. 鲍勃在伦敦工作,而彼得住在伦敦。 Mary can (speak English) and (Mary) ought to speak English. 玛丽能讲英语,她也应该讲英语。 We tested the depth(of the water) and (the) temperature of the water. 我们测试了水的深度和温度。 三、惯用的省略结构 1.无动词祈使句和无主句祝愿语,往往用感叹号。 If only I could remember his name! 要是我能记住他的名字有多好啊! Oh, for a friend to help us and advise us! 唉,要是有一位朋友能帮助和指点我们该有多好啊! 2.固定句型How/What about+名词/代词/v.-ing。 What about some more milk? 再喝一点牛奶好吗? What about him? 他怎么样? How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗? 3.Why not+省去to的动词不定式。 Why get so excited? 为什么这么兴奋啊? Why not go at once? 干嘛不马上走呢? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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