Different from popular belief,we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as ‘mentalese’),and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

　　When people write as if some strict critics(批评家) are looking over their shoulder,they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage,we should see every idea,as well as the words we use to express it,as wonderful and worth putting down. It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

　　1. What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

　　A. They often regret writing poor works.

　　B. Some of them write surprisingly much.

　　C. Many of them hate reading their own works.

　　D. They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.

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