2016高考英语核心考点轻松阅读:名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词: that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词:when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如: That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴。 We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether不能被if 取代: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。例如: It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。 17.2 名词性that-从句 1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如: 主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that…似乎…… It happens that…碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 17.3 名词性wh-从句 1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如: 主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。 表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语:I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末。例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句 1)yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如: 主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。 宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 2)选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成。例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
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