The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy．Psychologist Dr Brent Scott, who led the study» said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with customers can backfire．He said： ‘‘Smiling for the sake of smiling throughout the day can lead to emotional exhaustion （枯竭）and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops and that's bad for the organization, ” He added ： “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that's not necessarily the case．”

　　Dr Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two-week period．His team examined the effects of ‘‘surface acting” 一 pretending to smile, compared with what was termed “deep acting” 一 cultivating （培养）positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories．He said： “Women were harmed more by surface acting» meaning their mood worsened even more than the men and they withdrew more from work．” However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improved more and they withdrew less．

　　Therefore，pretending to be happy while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings．Although ,“deep acting” seemed to improve mood in the short-term, Dr Scott says it's not a long-term solution （解决方 法）to feeling unhappy．He said： “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore．”

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