2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）

　　专题2 阅读理解 16

　　（35分钟）

　　A

　　Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also mentally challenging．Criticism（批评）from coaches（trainers）, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes．Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has showed that it can lead to burnout．Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable．

　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself．The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place．Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives．Coaches and parents should be aware（realize）, at all times, that their feedback（反馈）to youngsters can greatly affect their children．Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷） in themselves．

　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious（careful） that youth sport participation does not become work for children．The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons．In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport．Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on（pay more attention to） the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances．Positive reinforcement should be provided in spite of the outcome．Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism．Again, criticism can create high levels of stress（pressure）, which can lead to burnout．

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