happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within

　　three minutes.There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline.But these

　　measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.

　　Costas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles.He says，“Japan is one of those most well­prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning.They had a warning.I think what went

　　wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”

　　He says there are two reasons for this.Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this

　　one in the last 150 years.And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the

　　coast of Japan.

　　The 9.0­magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded

　　worldwide.It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan.The tsunami waves that followed were

　　reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.

　　Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.A

　　tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour.To get to higher ground people would

　　often have to travel for many kilometers.This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will

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