One evening in February 2007. A student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio parked across a railway line. Second later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.

　　Ceely's

　　near miss

　　made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing. "I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train," she told the BBC.

　　W ho is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says,

　　But our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards.

　　The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s

　　not clear why he only focuses digital technology, while

　　there may be a number of other possible

　　causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.

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