(　A　)

　　【社会文化类】

　　On countless mornings over the past year,I stood with my son,James,in our driveway,watching our neighbors hurry off to kindergarten. My wife and I wanted to give James the best education,but that meant we’d have to change our jobs and spend less time with our kid. I asked myself,揥ould this trade-off be worth it??When I look at the research on child development,I think it might not. Where our kids go to school might matter less than most American parents think.av

　　Social scientists have long tried to determine why some children grow up to be successful. In a 2001 study,Greg Duncan,a professor of education at the University of California,measured the influence that the people in a child抯 life have on how well the ch ild does in school. Duncan and his team found almost no relationship between how students did on the test and whom they sat beside in class,whom they hung out with after school and who lived in their block. The only meaningful link they found was between siblings (兄弟姐妹) and twins in particular.

　　For a long time,scholars thought that a family抯 income heavily affected how well kids did in life. But that might not be the case. When Susan Mayer at the University of Chicago looked at the relationship between family income and lifetime achievement,she

　　ran a series of experiments to measure it,finding such outcomes weren抰 caused by income. She argued that the things that make a difference are relatively inexpensive:the number of books a kid has or how often his family goes to museums.m

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