专题五
动词的时态和语态
【命题趋势探秘】
命题
规律 考查内容 一般时与进行时 完成时及完成进行时 各时态的被动语态 与时态语态相关的考点
考查热度 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆
考查题型 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错,书面表达 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错,书面表达 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错,书面表达 语法填空,单项填空,短文改错,书面表达
所占分值 3—6分 3—6分 3分 3-6分
命题
趋势
1. 动词时态和语态是高考英语语法考查重点之一,试题分布在单项填空、语法填空和短文改错等题型中,在书面表达中,能够正确运用动词时态和语态会有效地提高作文的得分档次。考试大纲列举了常见的十种时态,高考试卷还会涉及过去/将来完成进行时和将来完成时;被动语态包括一般现在时的被动语态,一般过去时的被动语态,一般将来时的被动语态,现在进行时的被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态。高考试题对谓语动词被动语态的考查一般都是在时态的考查中同时进行。
2. 从近年高考试题看,对各种时态和语态的考查重点是一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时和现在/将来完成进行时,语境的时间信息提示比较隐秘,往往不给出明确的时间状语,让考生通过上下文设置的语境,充分利用附加信息进行推断。
【高频考点聚焦】
英语动词共有16种时态,要求重点掌握的有十种。另外过去完成进行时和将来完成时在高考试题中也时有出现。
名称 主动语态形式 被动语态形式
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will do will be done
(一般)过去将来时 would do would be done
现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时 will be doing will be being done
过去将来进行时 would be doing 暂没涉及
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
将来完成时 will have done will have been done
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 暂没涉及
过去完成进行时 had been doing 暂没涉及
◇考点1一般时与进行时
【基础知识梳理】
1.一般现在时的基本用法
1)表示经常或反复发生的动作,现在的情况或状态,常与表示频度的often, never, every day, sometimes等状语连用。如:
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park这老两口常常在晚饭后到花园里散步。(高考例句)
2)表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实、名言警句等。如:
In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.有些语言中,100个单词就构成了日常会话中所使用词汇的一半。(高考例句)
3)表示主语的特征、性格和能力。如:
Although a famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.尽管是著名的科学家,袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民,因为他在田间耕作,进行科学研究。
4)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来动作。如:
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view. 如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,就会有更好的视野。(高考例句)
5)表示计划或安排中的将来动作,通常为go, come, start, leave, stay, return, begin, be等动词。如:
—When does the bus start?公共汽车什么时候开?
—It starts in 10 minutes.十分钟之后开。
2.一般过去时的基本用法
1)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用时间状语 just now, a moment/minute/day, etc. ago等。
I wasn’t at home last night.昨天晚上我不在家。
2)表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作或状态。
3)在间接引语的时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中代替过去将来时表示“过去将来”的动作或状态。如:
He said he would come if he was not busy.他说如果他不忙就会来。
4)特殊句型; It’s time that… did/was/were….
5)有时过去时态只表示委婉的语气。
I wondered if you could help me.你能帮我一下吗?
3.一般将来时的基本用法
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,事物固有的属性或必然趋势,计划打算要做的事情。一般将来时有以下几种表示方式:
1)“will/shall do sth.”表示将来的打算或计划,有时表示临时的安排。will有时候表示“意愿”。
—I’ve forgotten to post the letter for you.我忘了帮你发信了。
—Well, in that case, I’ll post it myself.哦,既然这样,我自己去寄信吧。
2)“be going to do sth.”计划、打算、有迹象表明。如:
It is going to rain, as the clouds are gathering in the sky.天空乌云密集,要下雨了。
3)“be to do sth.”不可更改的计划、命令、要求,用在if引导的状语从句表示可能性。如:
The police surrounded the building and said: “No one is to go out.”警察包围了楼房,并且说,“谁也不许出去。”
4)“be about to do sth.”一般不能与具体的将来时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词when连用。如:
He is about to leave.他马上要走。
5)一般现在时表将来:表示严格按照时间表或原定计划将要发生的事。如:
The earliest flight takes off at 6 a.m.最早的航班早上6点起飞。
【核心考点讲练】
1.现在进行时的基本用法
1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。
2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况,但不一定是讲话时发生着的动作。
3)表示按计划将要发生的动作,近期特定的安排或计划。通常只限于go, come, leave, arrive等趋向性动词。
4) 与always,constantly, forever,all the time等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。
5)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时:
①表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean,need。
②表示存在的状态的动词及词组:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。
③表示一时性动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。
④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。
2.过去进行时的基本用法
1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。
2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时。如:
I was watching TV when Mum came in.妈妈进来时,我在看电视。
3)连系动词一般不用进行时,但是如果表示人或物在某一时刻的某种临时性变化或状态则可以用进行时形式,如:
He was serious.他很严肃。
He was just being serious.他只是当时假装很严肃而已。
3.将来进行时的基本用法
1)表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
2)有时也可表示预料不久将要发生的动作,似乎比一般将来时显得客气。
【典例1】(2016·山东)They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
A. bought
B. would buy
C. have bought
D. had bought
解析:句意:他们下定了决心,一旦拉瑞换工作的话,他们就买个新房子。根据主句的made可知这里是站在过去的时间点说明这件事情,因此受主句时态的影响,这里用过去将来时的would buy表示将来的打算,因此选B。
答案:B
【典例2】(2016·北京)—Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.
A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill
解析:句意:——嗨,我们去滑冰吧。——对不起,我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。由时间状语right now可知,在说话时“填表”的动作正在发生,因此用现在进行时。
答案:C
【技巧点拨】
突破点2:一般过去时与过去进行时的区别
这两个时态都表示过去的动作,一般过去时表示过去的完整动作,也就是说,这个动作已经结束;而过去进行时表示某个时候该动作正在进行,但还没有完成,或者不知道是否已经结束。注意利用语境进行辨析。如:
He wrote a novel last month and is waiting for it to be published.他上个月写了一本小说,现在正等待小说的出版。(已经完成)
He was writing a novel last month, and I wonder if he has finished it.他上个月在写一部小说,我不知道他是否已经写完了。 (上个月在写)
◇考点2完成时及完成进行时
【基础知识梳理】
1.现在完成时的基本用法
1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在。通常与表示延续的时间状语连用,如yet,just,before,lately,often,never,now,today等,但不能与表示过去具体时间的过去时间状语连用(如in 1993,last year等)。如:
I’ve forgotten his telephone number.我忘了他的电话号码了。
2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用,如so far,up to now,since,for the past(last)few years等。如:
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。
2.过去完成时的基本用法
1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。如:
By the end of last year,we had built five new houses.到去年末,我们已建了五座新房子。
2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。如:
Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.他工作了12个小时才睡觉。
3)常用于下列情况
①主句使用了一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语表示在主句动作之前发生的动作,此时宾语从句用过去完成时。如:
She said that she had never been to Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。
②用在含状语从句的句子中,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先的,用过去完成时;发生在后的,用一般过去时。如:
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
3.将来完成时的基本用法
表示到将来某一时刻已经发生的动作,或某一动作将延续到将来某一时刻。
4.现在完成进行时的基本用法
表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,并强调现在还在进行,或者该动作不会再继续,但是强调动作持续的时间很长。因此它含有“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的特点。如:
There you are at last. I’ve been waiting for you for half an hour. (强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)
5.过去完成进行时的基本用法
表示某一动作开始于过去的过去某一时间,持续到过去某一时间,并且还未完成。如:
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock.他写这封信一直写到2点钟。
6.将来完成进行时的基本用法
表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用。如:
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
【核心考点讲练】
1.一般现在时、现在进行时与现在完成时的区别
一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。而现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作,也就是说,现在进行时表示当前出现的变化。如:
Mr Smith works in this company, but he is not working today.史密斯先生在本公司上班,但他今天没有上班。
John is usually not serious about his work, but he is being serious now.通常,约翰对工作不认真,但是此时他非常认真。
现在完成时则表示过去的动作延续到现在,或者过去的动作对现在仍然起作用。如:
I have been told that the meeting might be put off until further notice.我被告知,这个会议被推迟了,等候具体通知。
2. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时表示与现在没有任何关系的过去的动作,现在完成时表示的事情与现在有关系,是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。或者说,现在完成时表示的动作对现在仍然起作用,有影响,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态现在已经不存在了。如:
Smith hasn’t come yet. He has promised to go with us to the interview.史密斯还没有来。他答应和我们一起去参加面试的。
--I’m sorry I can’t go with you to the interview tomorrow.对不起,我明天不能和你一起去参加面试。
--But you promised.可是,你答应过的。
【典例1】(2016·江苏)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. cover
B. will cover
C. have covered
D. covered
解析:句意:——你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少?——哦,媒体已经以各种各样的形式对它进行报道了。问话人询问对方有多少了解,第二个人没有直接回答,而是说媒体已经报道了很多相关信息,因此这里不能用一般现在时的A项、一般将来时的B项,也不能用一般过去时表示与当前无关的事情,而是用现在完成时表示到目前为止媒体已经报道了很多,因此选C。
答案:C
【典例2】(2016·山东)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.
A. will expect
B. are expecting
C. expect
D. had expected
解析:句意:手写出所有的邀请函比我们预想的更耗时。根据主句中的关键词语was可知“耗费时间”这一动作已经发生,而“预想时间”应该是发生在“耗费时间”之前,即expect的时态为过去的过去(过去完成时),因此选D。
答案:D
【技巧点拨】一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
1.一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言,过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言,表示“过去动作之前的动作”,即我们俗称的“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before 引导的短语表示,如:by that time,by the end of,before 2000,by the time+句子等。
2.两个过去发生的动作,如果这两个动作是紧密相联系的,没有先后区分,或者有,但是说话人不关注这个区分,此时都用一般过去时,特别是在when、as、before、after等连词引导状语从句时,由于连词已经表示了动作的先后,因此主句和时间状语从句都用一般过去时;如:
When I opened the door, I found him standing outside waiting for me.我打开门的时候发现他在外面站着等我。
3.表示与现在没有任何联系的过去某段时间做过某事,用一般过去时。如:
He worked in the country school for five years, and is now teaching in a university.他在这所乡村学校工作过5年,现在在一所大学教书。
4.过去发生的两个动作,如果这两个动作连接很紧密,没有或者几乎没有先后之分,或者不注重动作的先后,此时两个动词都用一般过去时;如果用when,before,after等连词引导状语从句,主、从句的两个谓语动词就都用一般过去时;
When he came to the door, I recognized him at once.他走到门口时,我立刻几认出他了。
5.动词think,want,hope,mean(打算),plan,intend,expect用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的想法、打算、意图等;
I had planned to help you, but I didn’t have the time.我打算帮他,但那时我没时间。
6.注意某些句式结构中一般过去时与过去完成时的转换,比如as soon as引导状语从句表示过去的动作,从句用一般过去时,转换为hardly/not…when,no sooner…than的句式时主句要用过去完成时。
As soon as he came to the door, I recognized him.他一到门口我就认出他了。
(=No sooner had he come to the door than I recognized him.)
◇考点3各时态的被动语态
【基础知识梳理】
谓语动词的被动语态
语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。被动语态的基本形式:语态助动词be+过去分词。在根据不同的时态使用各种时态的被动语态时,只将be 变为与其相应的时态形式,过去分词不变;也可用get/become+过去分词。
各种时态的被动语态形式
一般现在时 is/am/are done 现在完成时 have/has been done
一般过去时
was/were done 过去完成时 had been done
一般将来时
will/shall be done 将来完成时 will/shall have been done
过去将来时 would/should be done 过去将来完成时 would/should have been done
现在进行时 is/am/are being done 现在完成进行时 have/has been being done
过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成进行时 had been being done
将来进行时 will/shall be being done 将来完成进行时 will/shall have been being done
(一般)过去将来时 would be done 过去将来完成进行时 would/should be being done
【核心考点讲练】
1.被动语态的用法
1)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。如:
The window hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.这窗户已经有几个星期没有擦过了。
2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。如:
All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.所有员工都被鼓励在家上网工作。
3)当动作的执行者不是人时。如:
The number of deaths from heart disease has to be reduced.必须减少因为心脏病死亡的人数。
4)注意短语动词的被动语态、双宾语的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。如:
The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。
The plan will be put into practice as soon as possible.
We took good care of the computer.→The computer was taken good care of.→Good care was taken of the computer.
2.主动形式表被动意义:
1)系动词一般没有被动语态,如look, sound, feel, smell. Taste, appear等;
He looked surprised.他看起来很惊讶。
2)read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash等动词用主动语态不及物动词表示主语的属性或特征;
The article reads smoothly.这篇文章读起来很流畅。
3)fit, have, wish, suffer, happen to, belong to等动词及动词短语没有被动语态
The book belongs to my friend Li Min.这本书是我朋友李敏的。
【典例1】(2016·全国大纲)Unless extra money____, the theatre will close.
A. was found
B. finds
C. is found
D. found
解析:句意:除非找到额外的资金,要不然,这家剧院就得关闭了。由语境可知,此处是unless引导的状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作,而主语money与本空动词find是逻辑上的动宾关系,应该用一般现在时被动语态,因此选C。
答案:C
【技巧点拨】利用主从句时态的一致性解题
主从复合句中时态的一致主要有以下几种情况:
1.主将从现
在以when,after,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或是含有情态动词的一般现在时,状语从句则用一般现在时。如:
I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.
我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
2.主过从过
在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如:
He asked when they would go to the party. 他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。
3.主现从任
在宾语从句中,当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,后面从句时态不受主句限制,可根据情况,选用各种适合的时态。例如:
Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗?
People at that time din’t believe that the earth is round.那时的人们不相信地球是圆的。
【典例2】(2016·天津)We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.
A. are being made
B. will be made
C. have been made
D. had been made
解析:句意:直到所有的准备工作都做完了,我们才开始工作。根据主句won’t start可以看出语境叙述将来的动作,until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作,或用现在完成时表示延续到将来的动作或状态,而主语preparations与本空动词make是逻辑上的动宾关系,应该用被动语态,因此本空选C,用现在完成时被动语态。
答案:C
【技巧点拨】
在解答时态和语态的试题时,要根据谓语动词与主语之间的关系来确定是否应该使用被动语态,并注意各个不同时态的被动语态结构的构成。
◇考点4与时态语态相关的考点
【基础知识梳理】
高考命题不再单纯考查某一时态的用法,而是在具体语境中考查时态、语态的相关内容,注重多种时态和语态进行综合考查,这就要求考生进行全面综合的考虑,而不只是根据一个方面去判断答案。
【核心考点讲练】
一.不能用被动语态的几种情形
1.系动词没有被动语态,因此look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem, go,prove,turn, stay, become, fall,get,grow,keep等系动词与形容词或名词构成系表结构。如:
The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。
His plan proved(to be)practical.他的计划被证明很实用。
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等。如:
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.早上7点钟开始工作。
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash, clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语。如:
This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。
The article reads well.这篇文章读着很流畅。
4.少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义,如print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。如:
The meat is cooking.肉在煮。
5.介词in,on,under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义。
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之意,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。如:under control 受控制;under treatment 在治疗中; under repair 在修理中;under discussion 在讨论中;under construction 在施工中
二.使役动词的被动语态
使役动词表示“让/使某人/物……”,这些动词或接宾语(比如反身代词),或用系表结构“get/be+过去分词”结构表状态。关于使役动词的用法在第五章的相关章节有详细说明,这里不复赘述。
【典例1】(2016·北京)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.
A. started
B. was starting C. would start
D. had started
解析:句意:我觉得很难听懂这堂讲座了,因为我到的时候它已经开始了。由hard to follow可知start的动作发生在“我”到达之前,arrive的动作后发生,因此这里表示发生在“过去的过去”,用过去完成时,因此选D。
答案:D
【典例2】(2016·江西)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I_____________up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut
B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
解析:句意:——为什么你的眼睛发红。——我在过去的五分钟内一直在剁辣椒。根据for the last five minutes可知,此处应该用现在完成进行时表示在延续到现在的较长时间里一直在做某事。此题易误选C项,误以为动作是过去的过去发生的。其实此句是指过去所做的事对现在的影响。
答案:D
【技巧点拨】
1.根据时间状语确定时态
各个时态都有自己特定的时间标志词,可根据标志词确定动词的时态。如:
一般现在时:often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等;
一般过去时:then, in the past, just now, yesterday, last night/week…, after that, at that time, ago, the other day等;
一般将来时:tomorrow, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming few days, in 2046等;
现在进行时:Listen! Be quiet! Now, these days, forever, constantly, all the time等;
现在完成时:so far, recently, before, yet, ever, by now, in/for/over/during the last/past+时间段等;
现在完成进行时:in the last +时间段,the whole morning等。
2.运用“五看法”确定动词时态
一看时间状语:注意各种时间状语和与之呼应的时态;
二看已知动词时态:注意复合句中主、从句之间时态的呼应;
三看语境:在大多数情况下,动词的时态由上下文决定,这就要求我们注意语境的提示;
四看句型。有不少的句型的运用,都存在特定的对应关系,如hardly…when和no sooner…than都要求主句用过去完成时。熟记这些句型对应的时态能帮助我们快速准确地答题。
五看“时”与“态”:首先确定这个动作是什么时候的事,处于什么状态,是完成了还是正在进行,然后确定这个动词与主语的关系是主动还是被动。
专题热点集训5 动词的时态和语态
(45分钟)
I. 单项填空
1.(2015·天津)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.
A. will teach
B. would teach
C. has taught
D. will be teaching
2.(201·天津)A. has been reached
B. was reached
C. will reach
D. will have reached
3.(201·重庆)—Is Peter coming?
A. changes
B. changed
C. was changing
D. had changed
4.(201·江苏)A. were
B. will be
C. have been
D. had been
5.(201·浙江)A. has been
B. had been
C. was going to be
D. was
6.(201·福建) To my delight,I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen
B. was being chosen
C. would choose
D. had chosen
7.(201·福建)S—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A. wrote
B. had written
C. has been writing
D. is writing
8.(201·湖南) I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________,“What do you wish me to do now?”
A. ask
B. have asked
C. am asking
D. asked
9.(201·湖南)A. would look at
B. looked at
C. was looking at
D. am looking at
10.(201·湖南) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back
B. held back
C. hold back
D. was held back
II. 完形填空
(201·四川)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
11. A. avoided
B. started
C. canceled
D. suggested
12. A. business
B. fun
C. problem
D. privilege
13. A. help
B. cheat
C. threat
D. exception
14. A. trust
B. miss
C. admire
D. appreciate
15. A. feared
B. ignored
C. discovered
D. remembered
16. A. proved
B. decided
C. noticed
D. understood
17. A. extreme
B. increasing
C. additional
D. inspiring
18. A. squirrel
B. rabbit
C. peanut
D. carrot
19. A. before long
B. long ago
C. over and over
D. all over again
20. A. eating
B. playing
C. sitting
D. sleeping
21. A. Next
B. Once
C. Soon
D. Lately
22. A. carefully
B. suddenly
C. violently
D. patiently
23. A. also
B. thus
C. just
D. still
24. A. thought
B. doubted
C. admitted
D. recognised
25. A. While
B. Or
C. So
D. For
26. A. fixed
B. placed
C. hung
D. kept
27. A. tremble
B. move
C. delay
D. hesitation
28. A. Even if
B. Ever since
C. As far as
D. So long as
29. A. welcomed
B. required
C. bothered
D. expected
30. A. trade
B. competition
C. task
D. affair
III. 阅读理解
(2015·湖南)An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large,heavy structures like Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel,Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time,thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly,the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation,and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening.
Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history,every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River,the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
31. The author mentions the joke to show ________.
A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous
32. The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ________.
A. get rid of the street dirt
B. lower the Chicago River
C. fight against heavy floods
D. build the pipes above ground
33. The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A. change
B. lift
C. repair
D. decorate
34. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A. It went on smoothly as intended.
B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
D. It separated the building from its foundation.
35. The passage is mainly about early Chicago's ________.
A. popular life styles and their influences
B. environmental disasters and their causes
C. engineering problems and their solutions
D. successful businessmen and their achievements
IV. 微写作
(201·安徽)
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
专题热点集训5
动词的时态和语态
参考答案与解析
I. 单项填空
1. D
句意为:珍不能参加今天下午三点的会议,因为届时她正在上课。此处表示将来某个时间点将正在从事的动作,故应该用将来进行时。
2. A
句意:尽管经过了此前数轮的谈判,但是目前双方还没有达成任何协议。so far(到目前为止)作时间状语,其修饰的谓语动词应该用现在完成时。
【举一反三】常与现在完成时相关联的时间状语有so far,up to/till now,since+过去的时间或事件,recently,by now等。
3. B 句意:——Peter会来吗?——不会。他在最后一刻接了个电话后就改变了主意。“改变了主意”是过去的事,排除A。change为瞬间动词,不能用于本题中的进行时,排除C。过去完成时是“时间段”的概念,强调过去的事情或动作对过去的影响,而本题at the last minute“在最后一刻”为过去的一个时间点,排除D。所以答案为B。
4. A 句意:这个价格一直以来而且到现在仍然很高的真正原因很复杂,而且简短的讨论并不能令人满意地解答这个问题。根据句子中的现在仍然很高,可知指的就是过去也很高,用过去式。
5. C 句意:阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦出生于1879年。当他还是孩子的时候,几乎没有人猜到他将会成为一名著名的科学家,他的理论将会改变全世界。be going to do sth是将来时态,故选C。
6. A 句意:令我高兴的是,我从上百个申请人中被选中参加开幕式。根据语意可知choose的动作应该发生在过去,I是choose的动作承受者。故选A。
7. C
句意:——Peter在哪里啊?我到处找不到他。——他早饭后就去了图书馆,从那时起他就一直在那里写他的论文了。根据题干中的ever since判断应用现在完成时,表示动作从过去发生持续到现在仍在进行的动作,应用现在完成进行时。故选C。
8. D
观察句子我们可以发现,我们要选择的是时间状语从句中的谓语动词的时态。根据主句的谓语动词的时态可知应该使用一般过去时。故选D。
9. C
句意:他一定感觉到了我当时在看着他。他突然看了我一眼然后悄声地说:“你为什么在盯着我看?”结合题干中的must have sensed可知这里表达的是对过去的事情的肯定的猜测,所以我们基本锁定时态应该是过去时,再结合句意,是我当时在看他,所以应该使用过去进行时态。故选C。
10. D 根据题干中的连词but 可知我们选的是和had a strong desire并列的谓语动词,所以应该使用一般过去时态,再根据后面的by the shop window 可推知此句应该使用被动语态。故选D。
II. 完形填空
III. 阅读理解
IV. 微写作
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.
I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
If I could interview him,I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to ask him how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally,I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life,which must be very interesting.
【范文2】
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
The famous Chinese I would like to interview is Mo Yan.
The reason why I want to interview him is that not only is he the first Chinese to have won the Nobel Prize but also one of the greatest writers in the world. I'm fond of reading his novels,from which I have learned much knowledge that I can't get in class.
When I interview Mo,I would like to ask him about what environment he studied in as a child and how he became a writer. Besides,the second question is how he felt when he was told he had won the Nobel. Last but not the least,I want to ask whether he could give us a speech about writing novels,which I believe many students long to know.
【2016届高考英语二轮专题热点集训:专题5 动词的时态和语态】相关文章:
★ 2017届高考英语二轮复习大题冲关秘籍语法填空:体验真题(含解析)
★ 2017届高考英语二轮复习大题冲关秘籍完形填空之夹叙夹议文:名校模拟(含解析)
★ 【课堂新坐标】2017届高考英语(通用版)二轮复习书面表达专题训练:技法5 高级的词汇复杂的句式(含解析)
★ 2017届高考英语二轮复习大题冲关秘籍语法填空:考纲解读(含解析)
★ 【优化方案】2017届高考英语二轮复习全国卷Ⅱ题型重组训练:第17组(含解析)
★ 【人教版】2014届高考英语一轮复习指导考点针对练:必修2 unit5《Music》
最新
2017-04-24
2017-04-24
2017-04-24
2017-04-24
2017-04-21
2017-04-21