pump-action/ˈpʌmp. æk. ʃn/ adjective [BEFORE NOUN]describes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun ○a pump-action toilet

　　ˈpumpˌ priming noun[U]SPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money:　The government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses.

　　pun/pʌn/

　　▶noun[C]a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:　She made a couple of dreadful puns. ○This is a well-known joke based on a pun:　“What’s black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “

　　▶verb[I](-nn-)to make a pun

　　punch/pʌntʃ/

　　▶noun HIT1[C]a forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand):　She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose. EFFECT2[U]the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3[C OR U]a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4[C]a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:　a ticket punch ○Have you seen the hole punch anywhere?

　　▶verb[T]HIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand):　He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:　I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. ○This belt’s too big—I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.

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