D

　　Leadership is the most significant word in today’s competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal abilities and style.Experts on leadership will quickly point out that“how things get done”influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things.When a noted leader on the art of management,Peter Drucker,coined the phrase“Management is doing things right;leadership is doing the right things,”he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.

　　When Stephen Covey,founder and director of the Leadership Institute,explored leadership styles in the past decade,he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals.His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly.His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership example,which centered on the feature that was found in the character ethic (道德) and the personality ethic.The former ethic suggested success was founded on modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,and so on.The personality ethic suggested it was one’s attitude,not behavior,that inspired success,and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude.In contrast to each of these ideas,Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness,and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments;to achieve a desired vision for your business,it is essential that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value.Business leadership means that managers need to“put first things first,” which implies that before leading others,you need to be clear on your own values,abilities,and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

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