in which employees are not being fully made use of.

　　All forms of underemployment have an effect on the economy and the health of the business community.Long­term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations.When nations collect employment statistics，they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals，using that number to judge the health of the job market.This number does not include part­time workers looking for full­time jobs，as they are considered employed，and it also doesn't reflect workers who are underpaid，considering their qualifications.

　　In the first sense，underemployment is a common problem in many of the developed world.Many people with college degrees are working in low­level or service industry jobs because the job market is full.

　　The issue of part­time employment is also very serious.Some people are forced into part­time jobs，while others find themselves taking a part­time job because nothing else is available，even though they really need to work full­time.This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment，where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part­time staffs，rather than keeping a full staff at all times.

　　In the sense of shortage of workers，underemployment appears in a variety of situations.Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work，or to keep well­trained，qualified workers so that they will be available when needed.Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours，leading to a situation in which people report to work，but have nothing to do.

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