Many police chiefs say they put more policemen on the streets when the heat rises.“Calls for service always increase from May,June,July and August,” said New Bedford’s Captain Richard Spirit.“The longer period of time you have the heat,the worse it is.It’s just the opposite in the winter time.”

　　Craig Anderson,a professor and specialist in social psychology at Lowa State University,argues the evidence is clear.“As the temperature goes up,people become more uncomfortable.They become easier to get angry,” he said.“That increases the possibility that a small conflict will be interpreted as more major.” Anderson conducted a couple of studies looking at crime rates over the course of several years within the same area to see when most violent crimes occurred.He found that violent crimes were more likely to occur on hot days and hot months—even hot years had higher violent rates than cold years,according to his research.

　　Other research shows it is not so much the physical climate,but rather the social climate,that causes increased violence.“During the summer months,people stay up later.They talk with their neighbors.They party with their friends,” said Jack Levin,director of the Brudnick Centre on Violence at Northeastern University.“There are more likely to be large numbers of people interacting,and they are more likely to argue.”

　　Perhaps the realization that there is a link will help people in an argument step back and say,“Let’s cool off”—both literally (字面上地) and figuratively (比喻地).

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