Professor Bowman, 什么叫 gripe？

　　Professor: To gripe is to complain about something. For example, the employees at every company I've worked at have always griped about how rich the boss is, even though they make good salaries.

　　哦，gripe, g-r-i-p-e, gripe, 就是“抱怨”的意思。 Will说，虽然平权政策使很多少数族裔学生得到了上大学的机会，提升了美国大学校园的多样性，但还是有人对这个政策不满。对了，Jane说，平权法案是个blunt instrument，Professor, 这是什么意思呢？

　　Professor: Winnie, a "blunt instrument" is a method that uses too much force, so that, in achieving your aim, it also causes some harm or trouble. For example, "War is a very blunt instrument for settling disputes between countries. It's better to resolve them through careful negotiations."

　　我明白了，blunt instrument就是“生硬的方法”，用这种方法做事，往往事倍功半，效果不佳。

　　Will: Why do you think some people are opposed to affirmative action?

　　Jane: A lot of people think we no longer need affirmative action, and that it's unfair. If two people apply for a job, should one be given better treatment because of his or her skin color?

　　Will: I see your point. But many of the poor people in American society are minorities. I think we should try to give them a leg up.

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