4.利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜测词义 有时碰到生词,也不必惊慌。根据对上下文或整句的理解,运用常识或相关的知识,也能猜出该生词的含义。 例:(2010·全国Ⅱ,C篇) Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private (私有的) cars.,This has led to thegrowth of a leisure__industry in the capital's suburbs (郊区), which until the late1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices.
52. The underlined words “leisure industry” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________. A. transport to ski resorts B. production of family cars C. business of providing spare time enjoyments私有车辆的增加说明人们生活水平提高了,娱乐活动随之增加,同时也就促进了滑雪之类的行业的发展,由此可推测画线部分的含义是“休闲业”。 D. parttime work for people living in the suburbs
(四)主旨大意题 主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求较高、难度较大的题型之一,它要求考生对全文或某一部分的内容进行合理的归纳,重在考查考生的理解和概括能力。一般说来,该类题目主要是对文章或段落的中心进行陈述,或是选择文章的标题。有些文章,尤其是说明文和议论文,往往有主题句表明中心思想;但有些文章,比如记叙文,往往没有明确的主题句,需要考生在认真体会并明确作者的写作意图的基础上概括文章的中心。 1.文章主题类 任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想。不少文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想,这就要求考生必须抓住每个段落的中心要点,并将其进行归纳综合,即可得到整篇文章的中心思想。每个段落的中心要点往往是通过主题句来体现的。考生通过采取略读法,以搜寻各段主题句为目标,快速扫视全文,避免逐词理解,可提高阅读速度。要把注意力集中在找主要信息上,而不是过分注意细节事实。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。 文章主题常见的提问方式有: What is the main idea of the passage? What is the main subject of this passage? What is the main topic of this passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? (1)在句首或首段 例:(2010·江西,E篇) Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability tomake noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughtsto each others's minds.This ability comes so naturally that wetend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is. Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature's talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it's an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out. Not that we don't have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is socalled “body language”. Bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals.Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering. Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn't tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history. 67. Which of the following is TRUE of Rae Armantrout? A. She published a poetry textbook. B. She used to teach Denise Levertov. C. She started a poets' group with others.由第四段的最后一句话可知,她和其他人一起发起了一个诗歌小组。由第四段首句可知她是在UC Berkeley与著名诗人Denise Levertov一起学习并取得学士学位,并在San Francisco State University获得创造性写作方面的硕士学位。可排除B、D两项;从第七段对“Versed”的内容介绍,可知它不是教材,可排除A项。 D. She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley. (二)推理判断题 推理判断题与细节理解题最大的区别是前者需要根据文中内容去推断言外之意;后者只需在原文中找出对应内容。我们所读的文章往往比较含蓄,作者经常把需要我们理解的意思不直接表达出来,而是期待我们去领悟文章的内在含义。命题人恰恰就是在这方面命题。考生做题时要对文章已给的信息进行合理的分析判断,做到“有理有据”。要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的信息;要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,通过分析、综合、判断,进行逻辑推理;同时应注意不能主观臆断、凭空想象,要忠实于原文,以文章提供的信息为依据。
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