appeared and
mass
production
became possible for the first time.The factories were built in towns and as a result,the population of towns and cities greatly increased. These changes became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine.This was invented in 1769 by James Watt and was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution.At first the steam engine was used in mines,but it was soon used in factories and on the railways. During
the
Industrial
Revolution,factory owners
became
more powerful than land owners.Thousands of people left the countryside to work in
the city.Often,factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.From 1830 to the early 20th century,the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan. 工业革命 在18世纪下半叶的欧洲,社会发生了一次重大的变革。这次重大的变革被称为“工业革命”。在此之前,欧洲是一个农业社会。随着工业革命的来临,工厂出现了,大规模生产首次成为可能。工厂建在城镇里,结果城镇及城市人口大增。 之所以会产生这些变化是因为有了蒸汽机这样的发明。蒸汽机是詹姆斯·瓦特于1769年发明的。它是工业革命时期的主要动力。起初,蒸汽机只用于矿业,但很快被用于工厂和铁路。 在工业革命期间,工厂主变得比土地所有者更强大。成千上万的人离开乡村到城市工作。通常,工厂里的工人们生活在条件艰苦、拥挤不堪的环境里。从1830年到20世纪初期,工业革命在整个欧洲蔓延并扩大到美国,继而传到其他国家,例如日本。
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