例2：

　　The people performing all play different instrument. (P.49, Senior Book2B)

　　Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death. (P.52, Senior Book2A)

　　现在分词performing作后置定语，修饰the people; 过去分词polluted作定语修饰rivers and lakes。

　　例3：

　　So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him, and went to live in English. (P.57, Senior Book2B)

　　现在分词短语 preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him 作状语，表示he left France and went to live in England 的原因。

　　Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (P.14 Senior Book2B)

　　过去分词短语well known for his expert advice 也充当状语，表示原因。

　　分词短语充当状语时，其作用相当于一个状语从句，因此都可以用状语从句替代。Well known for his expert advice = Because he was known for his expert advice,显然，按照修辞的标准衡量，分词短语较状语从句更为精练。

　　例4：

　　They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead.

　　(P.16, Senior Book2B)

　　I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. (P.16 Senior Book2B)

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