Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。 4.修辞的需要,为了使句子更加简练、匀称 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
他出现在舞台上,受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。 The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.
这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座,受到大家的热烈欢迎。 5.为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。 6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程 The film is coated with lightsensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质,这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。 7.资讯报道中为了体现资讯的客观性 The westeast gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日开工,这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。 8.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。 注意:被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在,或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时,则要保留by短语。 The vegetables didn't taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好,煮的时间太长了。(不需要动作的执行者) He arrived at the airport, where he was met by his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。(没有by his friend,句子的意思不完整) 主动语态变被动语态 1.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语,变为被动语态时,将宾语变为主语: They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个计划。 The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个计划将在会议上讨论。
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