2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 在这个句型中,谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时,一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语,但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语: We gave the student some books. ⇒The student was given some books. ⇒Some books were given to the student. 注意:用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等),以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awarded him the Nobel Prize. ⇒The Nobel Prize was awarded(to) him. 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 在这个句型中,谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语,变成被动语态时,宾语转化成主语,宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语: All the villagers painted the houses white. ⇒The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 注意:有些使役动词和感官动词,如make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等,在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动结构时,不定式应加上to。 We heard him say goodbye to his friends. ⇒He was heard to say goodbye to his friends. 4.含有情态动词的主动句变被动句 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时,用“情态动词+ be done”构成。 The machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。 Such a sentence ought not to be used here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。 5.含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的谓语动词,变成被动语态时,分别用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。 The problem is going to be discussed at the class. 这个问题将在班上讨论。 This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。 6.含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语,宾语从句保留不变。 They said that he had gone abroad to study English. ⇒It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 注意:带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,为了简练,还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语,从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。 We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。 He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。 7.动词短语构成的被动语态 一般情况下,只有及物动词才能跟宾语,而不及物动词不能跟宾语,所以只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,因此就可以有被动语态。 They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.
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